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Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae , cultivated for its fruit, known as a peppercorn, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. . Black pepper is the world's most traded spice, and is one of the most common spices added to cuisines around the world. Black pepper and its active compound piperine may have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Laboratory studies suggest that black pepper may improve cholesterol levels, blood sugar control, and brain and gut health .It also has antioxidants, flavonoids, essential oil, and other nolic compounds that help protect your and boost digestive health. Black pepper is also a source of the following vitamins and minerals: Vitamin C. Vitamin K.