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propionate, sold under the brand name Testoviron among others, is an androgen and (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low levels in men.[3][1][4] It has also been used to treat breast cancer in women.[5] It is given by injection into muscle usually once every two to three days.[4][6][7]

Side effects of propionate include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire.[4] The drug is a synthetic androgen and and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like and (DHT).[8][4] It has strong androgenic effects and moderate anaboliceffects, which make it useful for producing masculinization and suitable for androgen replacement therapy.[4] propionate is a ester and a relatively short-acting prodrug of in the body.[6][3][1] Because of this, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of .[9]

propionate was discovered in 1936 and was introduced for medical use in 1937.[10][3] It was the first ester to be marketed, and was the major form of used in medicine until about 1960.[3][4] The introduction of longer-acting esters like enanthate, cypionate, and undecanoate starting in the 1950s resulted in propionate mostly being superseded.[3][4] As such, it is rarely used today.[4][11] In addition to its medical use, propionate is used to improve sique and performance.[4] The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.[4]

Side effects[edit]

Side effects of propionate include virilization among others.[4]

rmacodynamics[edit]

propionate is a prodrug of and is an androgen and –androgenic (AAS). That is, it is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR).

Chemistry[edit]

propionate, or 17β-propanoate, is a synthetic androstane and a derivative of .[14][15] It is an androgen ester; specifically, it is the C17β propionate (propanoate) ester of .[14][15]

Society and culture[edit]

Brand names[edit]

propionate is or has been marketed under a variety of brand names including Agrovirin, Andronate, Andrusol-P, Masenate, Neo-Hombreol, Oreton, Perandren, Synandrol, Testoviron, and numerous others.[14][15][16][17]

Legal status[edit]

propionate, along with other AAS, is a schedule III controlled substance in the United States under the Controlled Substances Act and a schedule IV controlled substance in Canada under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.[19][20]