When oil or gas is encountered, the first step is to feed a pipe into the well. The oil or gas rises to the surface through this tubing. Equipment to shut in the well and regulate the flow (Christmas tree) is mounted at the surface.There are several well completion systems. The purpose of a well completion is to connect the hydrocarbons producing reservoir to the surface so that fluids can be produced. One of the most common completion system is the cemented and perforated casing completion which has a casing (piece of pipe) across the production zone, which is cemented and perforated to allow production. The perforation gun can make up to 40 perforations per meter with diameters of up to 2 centimeters in the casing. The oil or gas enters the well through the perforations and rises to the surface through the tubing.
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